Temple
The function of the temples is to grip the cloth and hold it at the same width as the warp in the reed, before it is taken up.
Ring Temple:
Ring temple consists of the temple housing with bracket, a cap and tubular temple. Cap and the temple must be matched to the cloth being woven. The bracket is fixed at a convenient place governed by the weaving machine design. For shuttle less weaving machines, the makers of temples supply only the temple tube, whilst the housing, cap and brackets are provided by the weaving machine makers. The shape and configuration of the temple cap can have special significance as they influence the path of the cloth over the tubular temple, establish the point of pins penetration into the cloth and the point where the pins released the cloth and thus govern the warp angle of the cloth over the temple. The warp angle influences the restraining force of the temple and the strain on the cloth.
Picture: Ring Temple
Temple tube consists of the axis, the end segment, the body segments, the head, the end rings and the pinned rings. The temple with its pinned ring is the most important but also the most delicate part of the temple. It takes the strain from the fabric which is distributed over the segments of the pinned rings. Each pinned ring is mounted on a steel segment. The temple is required with ring having two to six rows of pins depending upon the cloth being woven.
The pinned rings are usually at an angle of 12° to 21° and the angle reduces in steps of 3° towards the centre of the cloth. The length of the pins is also governed by the type of cloth being woven and should be about one and half time to two times the cloth thickness. The pins do not exert their pull directly on the weft but on the warp. Temple tubes are made in diameters of 17, 22, 23, 24 and 26.5 mm. The greater the diameter the greater the warp of the cloth on temple tube. The length of the temple tube depends upon the cloth width. A rule of thumb is one ring for 10 cm fabric. For delicate cloth, pinned rings are used only in the cloth selvedge zone. The inner rings are substituted by textured surface rubber, plastics or brush rings. More frequently however there is a roller rotate-ably mounted on the tube axis which guides the cloth in the warp direction. The roller surface consists of rubber or plastic wound squarely or obliquely with left or right hand wind. This type of temple may be regarded as a combination of ring and roller temple.
Roller Temple:
The roller temples usually have two rollers supported at both ends which guide the fabric in the warp direction by means of raised points. The rollers are usually of steel and are covered with rubber or plastics. The surface of the rollers all of various form are shown in figure. The roller diameter is between 10 and 15 mm.
Picture: Roller Temple
Sun temple:
The sun temple comprises the pinned disc and the shell which causes the cloth to pass over the pins. It is used for light weight fabrics with solid selvedge or as an auxiliary temple behind a ring temple. One advantage of this temple is that the cloth is not distorted as there is no warp-over. A disadvantage is that the larger diameter of the disc requires large space between the fell of the cloth and release of the cloth by the temple.
Nipper temple:
The nipper temple is used for weaving fabrics with very little contraction. The nipper jaws are positioned straight or obliquely.
Full width temple:
The full width temple holds the fabric across its full width under uniform tension and absolutely level. The full width temple consists of lower and upper plates together with the rod. The cloth is passed a few millimeters beyond the fell of the cloth over the lip of the lower plate and trapped firmly between it and the rod. It goes round this rod and is again trapped before leaving the temple over the upper plate in the direction of the breast beam.
The rod of this temple is of steel or polyamide. For some fabrics fluted surfaced rods are used. Industrial fabrics or fabrics made of filament yarns with a low pick density, high quality lining fabrics etc. can be woven without any problem using the full width temple.
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